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高(gao)壓聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)是目前世(shi)界上(shang)產(chan)(chan)大(da)，價格較(jiao)低，用途(tu)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)通用塑料之(zhi)一。其薄膜制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，電器絕緣材(cai)料，注(zhu)塑、吹塑制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，涂層，板(ban)材(cai)，管(guan)材(cai)在(zai)工農(nong)業生產(chan)(chan)和日常(chang)生活中得到普遍應用。并且(qie)由于生產(chan)(chan)技術不斷發(fa)展以及共聚(ju)(ju)(ju)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)不斷出現，使之(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)性能得到進一步的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)善(shan)，用途(tu)日趨廣泛。高(gao)壓聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)是以乙(yi)烯(xi)單體在(zai)100-300MPa(表)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓條件(jian)下(xia)，用有機過(guo)氧化(hua)物(wu)為(wei)(wei)催化(hua)劑經聚(ju)(ju)(ju)合而制(zhi)得的(de)(de)(de)。因其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)密(mi)度一般為(wei)(wei)0910-0935(高(gao)密(mi)度聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)度則為(wei)(wei)0940-0970)，故(gu)又稱低密(mi)度聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)。

高壓聚(ju)乙烯從(cong)1939年(nian)(nian)開始工(gong)業化，至今已有六十(shi)多年(nian)(nian)的歷史了。高壓聚(ju)乙烯在(zai)聚(ju)乙烯生產中占優(you)先(xian)地位，近些(xie)年(nian)(nian)來大型單(dan)線生產能力20X104t/a以上的裝置還在(zai)繼續大規模(mo)發展，其主要原因是:

1.產品具(ju)有優良(liang)的物理機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能、電氣絕緣性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐化學腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐低(di)溫性(xing)(xing)(xing)和加工性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，因而用途廣泛。

2.工藝(yi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)簡單，不需采用(yong)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)系統(tong)(tong)，即可(ke)(ke)(ke)得到(dao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)純度(du)(du)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，沒有催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)和(he)溶(rong)劑(ji)回收等過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)條(tiao)件下(xia)操作，反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)設(she)(she)備(bei)小，能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)大(da)(da)，催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)用(yong)量(liang)少(shao)，技術經濟(ji)指標較(jiao)(jiao)好，成本較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)，它是塑料(liao)中價格較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)之一(yi)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)顯著的(de)(de)特點就是操作壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)很高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，不但(dan)有30MPa以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統(tong)(tong)，而且有100MPa以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)超高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統(tong)(tong)。目前世界(jie)上(shang)(shang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)很多(duo)，不下(xia)十余種(zhong)，按反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)形式(shi)(shi)劃分，大(da)(da)致可(ke)(ke)(ke)分為(wei)管式(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)和(he)釜式(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)兩(liang)大(da)(da)類(lei)。一(yi)般的(de)(de)說管式(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)因反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)梯度(du)(du)大(da)(da)和(he)溫度(du)(du)分布寬、反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)時(shi)間短、所得聚(ju)(ju)(ju)合(he)物的(de)(de)支鏈(lian)(lian)少(shao)、分子量(liang)分布寬，適(shi)宜(yi)制造(zao)薄膜和(he)共(gong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)物;單程(cheng)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)率高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，但(dan)存在(zai)器(qi)(qi)內粘(zhan)壁、堵(du)塞等問題。釜式(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)為(wei)100-250MPa，較(jiao)(jiao)管式(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(200-350MPa)低(di)，單程(cheng)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)率較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)，反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)時(shi)間長，停留(liu)時(shi)間分布大(da)(da)，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)長支鏈(lian)(lian)分子較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)，分子量(liang)分布較(jiao)(jiao)狹窄，富于韌(ren)性(xing)，適(shi)宜(yi)于生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)注塑、擠塑成型及涂(tu)層產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，尤(you)其(qi)是多(duo)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)釜的(de)(de)釜式(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)，每個(ge)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)釜都(dou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)進行多(duo)區的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)具有許多(duo)優良(liang)的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)。近年(nian)來(lai)國(guo)外發(fa)展高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)動向是生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規(gui)(gui)模日趨大(da)(da)型化(hua)(hua)(hua)。新建高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)規(gui)(gui)模基本都(dou)在(zai)20X104t/a以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，尤(you)其(qi)是管式(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)。相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)也不斷增(zeng)大(da)(da)，如高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)釜式(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)已達(da)到(dao)750L，管式(shi)(shi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)長度(du)(du)增(zeng)至(zhi)2000m以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，超高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機大(da)(da)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮量(liang)已達(da)到(dao)80t/h以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)為(wei)350MPa;另一(yi)個(ge)發(fa)展動向是聚(ju)(ju)(ju)合(he)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，不少(shao)廠(chang)家聚(ju)(ju)(ju)合(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)達(da)300~350MPa，甚(shen)至(zhi)有高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da)500MPa者。從(cong)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)機理來(lai)看，隨著反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)速度(du)(du)加快，同時(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)減少(shao)長支鏈(lian)(lian)分子的(de)(de)形成，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)結晶(jing)度(du)(du)和(he)密度(du)(du)，對增(zeng)大(da)(da)單位生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)及提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)是有利的(de)(de)。HDPE高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密度(du)(du)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)裝置專(zhuan)用(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)釜，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)釜。